The basis of structure, of life, and of mankind Essay Example for Free

The basis of structure, of life, and of mankind Essay Every single form of life on the planet is created and controlled by a chemical recipe, a chemical code consisting of hundreds of thousands of instructions in every single cell, the basis of structure, of life, and of mankind. Who, what, where, when, how, and why, are all questions which for centuries have remained unanswered. They demanded an extraordinary amount of skill, time, and precision from individuals the world over to be conquered to our current level of understanding. Many discoveries have led to the discovery of genetics. In 1895, Wilhelm Roentgen, a german physicist, accidentally discovered x-rays, whilst studying cathode rays in a high voltage gaseous discharge tube. This marked the beginning of a long series of explorations and experiments, eventually leading to the discovery of DNA. A year later in 1896, Antoine Becquerel, this time a french physicist, discovered through experimentation and observation, the disintegration of electromagnetic rays (x-rays, and gamma rays), also known as radioactivity. He was observing the element uranium and saw that it could blacken a photographic plate even though the latter was separated by a sheet of glass and paper. Becquerel also noticed that the rays were capable of emitting charge captured by an electroscope, which showed they possessed an electric charge too. Becquerels idea was revolutionised in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie who suggested radioactivity occurred due to the structure of atoms. Max Von Laue then discovered x-ray diffraction in 1912, which was, not long after, mathematically interpreted by Lawrence Bragg by analysing the different diffraction patterns made by x-rays when they deviate from their original paths, due to closely spaced atoms in the crystal. Bragg didnt believe that Laues theory was correct in detail. He therefore carried out numerous experiments and concluded by using the now common Bragg law. This details at what angles x-rays will be most efficiently diffracted by crystals when the wavelength and distance between the crystal atoms are known. One very famous scientist who played a large part in the progression towards the discovery of DNA was Maurice Wilkins. Teamed with Rosalind Franklin, both x-ray crystallographers, their studies included analysing DNA crystals and diffraction. They discovered that the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule is present on the outside of the molecule and also discovered the basic helical structure of the molecule. The final breakthrough came in 1953, when Francis Crick, and James Watson (Wilkins was also a principal contributor) officially published their model for the structure of DNA. They discovered how information, governing heredity is carried in the chromosomes of human cells (DNA), hence determining physical development in every single cell of the individual. Procedures have evolved even further since then, which shows how much science can progress over the years. What begins as a small theory can drastically transform into an enormous scientific revolution, changing they way we would have previously visualised ideas. HUGO was set up in the year 2000. This organisation involves the very best scientists from all over the world and the technology of supercomputers and robotics also, and was set up originally in a bid to crack the genetic code. This occurred on the 26th of June 2000 and now provides the blueprint for all human life. Thanks to all the dedication of those scientists over centuries, many ideas previously considered as ridiculous are being reconsidered. Who would believe, for instance, that an actual living animal could be cloned using another animals DNA? It may have taken scientists over 250 attempts to clone Dolly the sheep, but they succeeded in the end. Could it now be seen as possible to clone a dinosaur? It could occur, although the odds of retrieving frozen, preserved, living cells are very slim. Another consideration would need to be finding a very closely related female living species for the cloning to work. An impossibility? Perhaps not! New technology derived from such scientific investigations now enable more effective medical treatments to be created, and also could help eradicate inherited diseases such as downs syndrome or some forms of cancer, giving people a better quality of life. Recent innovations are GM crops, and human cloning, over which there is much controversy. We do not yet know what disadvantages could occur if we mess with the chemical code for life. For all the advantages such as enabling crops to become drought resistant, creating decaffeinated coffee plants, and increasing disease and pest resistance, as well as maybe in the future being able to recreate an animal or person whom has died, or being able to choose how your baby will look, there are bound to be disadvantages. Recent research suggests that disease immunity decreases considerably in a cloned animal, than a normal animal. With such complicated and moral issues, the issue of religion must be considered. It can sometimes be perceived that science today is displacing the views of religion. For example it is believed that god created mankind. With evidence such as the above, it certainly questions the reliability of religion. I believe that both religion and science is important. The human race is forever wanting answers as to what they dont know. However, the amount of belief in religion seems to be declining due to people wanting evidence to support statements. No longer will they accept an idea as a safeguard because it is stated in the bible, they want to know why it is so. Its seems more people want to believe magic however. Maybe it is because science is so closely related to magic and is in itself a type of hocus pocus. It is a method of explaining why something occurs despite our limited knowledge and disbelief and doesnt need experiments to clarify it. In the past it was thought to contradict the bible, but, really it is another side of science which just needs to be explored. In the past, it was believed witches conjured magic. We now know that it is the planet earth which conjures up magic which is waiting to be uncovered. Altogether, it can be concluded that science has progressed dramatically over the years. It is a magic which is never ending and which will never cease to be investigated. It is an alternative way of looking at the world, which progresses everyday and which, just like religion or magic, brings about previously unheard of miracles. Science is always being revolutionised and is beginning to be seen by many as a new religion, which is gradually unfolding the mysteries the universe prevails.

Women and Politics Essay -- Sarah Palin

Introduction (Literature Review) When females started entering the political scene in the United States in significant numbers in the latter parts of the 20th century, they were faced with a number of predicaments. One of these predicaments centered around the language they were to use in the political arena. As members of the â€Å"other† group, women were forced, in many ways, to adopt the speech patterns of their male counterparts. As Blankenship & Robson pointed out in their research, â€Å"Once women were allowed a modest entrà © [sic] onto the political playing field, they either had to speak the dominant language of power and prove themselves â€Å"tough enough† or remain forever the linguistic sissy† (354). Within the past couple of decades, however, the roles of women collectively in society and politics have changed drastically, prompting some to question whether feminine political discourse still exists – and if so, to what extent. Around the mid to late-1980s, literature on the topic of feminine discourse in politics first began to surface in abundance – possibly as a result of the Democratic Party’s nomination of Geraldine Ferraro as the first female vice presidential candidate on a major party ticket in 1984. Originally, feminine discourse was merely a speech pattern characterized by â€Å"its personal tone, references to personal experience, inductive reasoning, the use of anecdotes and examples as evidence, audience participation, and identification between the speaker and audience† (Campbell, 1989, p. 13). Since that time, however, it has evolved tremendously. In fact, Dow and Tonn (1993) asserted through their study of Texas governor Ann Richard’s speeches that this new feminine speech was an â€Å"alternative political philosophy’’ ... ... is incredibly new and full of ambiguity. As mentioned before, there is a great deal of knowledge that has yet to be uncovered on the topic of gender and political discourse – particularly with regards to female candidates at the national level. As the scope of politics in America continues to change, and as more female politicians become figures on the national stage, the importance of research of this nature. However, through this particular study at hand, I intend to highlight the commonalities in female politicians’ performance of their feminine identities through discourse in hopes of coming to a conclusion of what â€Å"feminine† political discourse looks like in this decade. In doing so, I hope to establish the groundwork for future discussion on the evolution of discourse used by female candidates seeking political offices, a topic that is rarely discussed. â€Æ'

Coursework Draft-Sci-fi Narrative Essay

I’m fed up of my life. Everyday it’s the same routine. I sat in front of my loyal and reliable pc and opened my notorious chat room. It was quarter to ten and I’ve waited for valuable information to electronically crop up. Out of the blue a bizarre message appeared. â€Å"Do you crave for paypal account details?† I read out. This message quenched my desire for priceless details. Quickly I typed and replied hell yeah. A list of words emerged on the colossal liquid crystal display screen. I examined the passage. It was an instruction for a paypal account with à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 250,000 deposited in. The particular participant had written this under the pseudonym Omega. Before starting my money-hungry pursuit I printed the information in a sleek laminated sheet, wore my personalised arsenal top, baggy tracksuit bottoms and my flamboyant air max ltd plus I grabbed a handy USB. As I strolled across Faraday Avenue, I pulled out the information and read it aloud. â€Å"Go to the laboratory in Faraday Avenue.† I scan the industrialised scenery and found the laboratory that fitted in the description. The old decrepit lab seems to contrast with the spanking new surroundings. I entered as silent as a scared, stealthy mouse and switched on the lights. Rats and other rodents scurried away and the room smells like horse manure. I could feel the moisture gradually building up on my light beige-like caramel skin because of the humidity. I read the next instruction clearly and said â€Å"stand in front of the main computer.† I stood patiently and waited for the next instruction. Suddenly the computer displayed countless binary digits scrolling down rapidly as if it was initiating a complex program phase. As fast as the speed of light a bright light materialized and I was teleported. â€Å"Wahhhh†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I uttered, startled. I felt as if I was falling for a few moments, but then I felt stable. Unaware of closing my eyes, I opened them, blinking. â€Å"Hello, I’m Omega.† said a voice. Stood before me was a man dressed in a funny fashion. â€Å"Welcome to cyberspace utopia.† â€Å"Hey!† I shouted. â€Å"Where are the money packed accounts you promised me.† â€Å"You must facilitate me first.† â€Å"What’s the catch chum?† Omega took a deep breath before explaining. â€Å"Delete the master program by using your infamous virus called exterminator V2.90025.† â€Å"Why should I?† I reprimanded. â€Å"This is the program which controls the national grid. The master program or MP was upgraded to version 3.95 and gained artificial intelligence. He will annihilate the national grid and wipe out Great Britain as we know it.† â€Å"Okay,† I said in a sarcastic manner. â€Å"Where do I start?† â€Å"Head towards the control panel, there you will upload the super virus.† he responded. I scrutinized the strange environment to find the control panel. The vibrant and colourful place looked more developed in terms of technology than Earth. Circuit boards are the floor, USB ports and chips are situated everywhere and the shrilling sound of booting could be heard. I soon found a neon sign saying control panel 2 terabytes ahead. Omega threw a miniature capsule at the floor and a gleaming electro-cycle appears out of nowhere. â€Å"Hop in,† he hollered. I approached to touch the glossy exterior before jumping in. Omega started the engine and told me to brace myself. Before I knew it the cycle soars into the distance and stopped in front of a majestic tower. â€Å"Here, take this e-katana and help me delete MP’s minions.† whispered Omega. It was an electric blade with a light handle. Rapidly he stuck a cap on his head and cocked his twin pistols. Swiftly a group of similar people attacked us. I felt an uplifting sensation running through my feeble bones and with just a mighty heave, the swarm of minions were obliterated. Soon after, the next wave chased after us as we dashed towards the MP’s lair. Omega blasted them as if it was a game of space invaders whilst I was plunging my e-katana through several chests. The minions were â€Å"deleted† and we headed cautiously towards a giant door. There was a small console next to the door and I soon began to do what I do best – hacking. The door was soon opened and we continued. It was a dull room with three giant computers. â€Å"Quickly upload the virus.† he said in a drastic tone. While I was uploading the virus on the third computer through my USB a mysterious figure appeared in the room. He was a tall dark man with a ferret like moustache. Omega leaped towards him and cries out hurry. Omega tried his best to stall but he was beheaded by his deadly claws. The virus was uploaded and he screamed in horror. I soon realised who he was†¦

Separation of Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll B, and Beta...

Abstract Pigments extracted from different greens have different polarities and may be different colors. Mixed pigments can be separated using chromatography paper. Chromatography paper is able to separate mixed pigments due to their polarity and solubility. Pigments of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and beta carotene will be separated on chromatography paper because each has its own polarity and solubility, which results in different distance traveled up the paper. Beta carotene is non-polar so it travels the highest distance, followed by chlorophyll a. Chlorophyll b is the most polar; therefore, it travels the shortest distance. The separated pigments on the chromatography paper can be eluted in acetone and absorbance spectrum is†¦show more content†¦Beta carotene is orange, and its graph created by spectrophotometer shows that it mostly absorbs blue and green light and reflects orange. Figure 1. The absorption spectrum for leaf pigment, wavelength in nm. Discussion During the separation of the pigments by chromatography paper, chlorophyll b traveled the shortest distance, chlorophyll a went above it, and the highest went beta carotene. ThisShow MoreRelatedAp Biologly Photosynthesis Lab Report1336 Words   |  6 Pagesby a process called chromatography. We will also be measuring the rate of photosynthesis in isolated chloroplasts. Beta carotene, the most abundant carotene in plants, is carried along near the solvent front because it is very soluble in the solvent being used and because it forms no hydrogen bonds with cellulose. Xanthophyll is found further from the solvent font because it is less soluble in the solvent and has been slowed down by hydrogen bonding to the cellulose. Chlorophylls contain oxygen andRead MoreChromatography1984 Words   |  8 PagesCOLUMN AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY Maria Janine B. Abarientos, Kuia B. Allarde, Aliana Keshia P. Andino Mary Viadelle E. Andrada and Nina Marian Robelea G. Ang Group 1 2C Pharmacy Organic Chemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT In this experiment, the techniques column and thin layer chromatography was used to separate and determine the purity of the colored components of siling labuyo and malunggay leaves. The results obtained relied on differential solubilities and adsorptivities of the components to

Ivy League MOOCs - Free Online Classes from the Ivies

Most of the eight ivy league universities are now offering some form of publicly available free online classes. MOOCs (massively open online classes) offer learners everywhere the opportunity to learn from ivy league instructors and interact with other students while completing their coursework. Some MOOCs even provide students the opportunity to earn a certificate that can be listed on a resume or used to demonstrate ongoing learning. See how you can take advantage of no-cost, instructor-led courses from Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, UPenn, or Yale. Keep in mind that free MOOCs are different from registering as a student at a university. If you would prefer to earn an official degree or graduate certificate from an ivy league online, check out the article on How to Earn an Online Degree from an Ivy League University. Brown Brown offers several no-cost MOOCs to the public through Coursera. Options include courses like â€Å"Coding the Matrix: Linear Algebra Through Computer Science Applications,† â€Å"Archeology’s Dirty Secrets† and â€Å"The Fiction of Relationship.† Columbia Also through Coursea, Columbia offers a number of instructor-led MOOCs. These online courses include â€Å"Economics of Money and Banking,† â€Å"How Viruses Cause Disease,† â€Å"Big Data in Education,† â€Å"Introduction to Sustainable Development,† and more. Cornell Cornell instructors offer MOOCs on a wide variety of subjects through CornellX — a part of edX. Courses include topics such as â€Å"The Ethics of Eating,† â€Å"Civic Ecology: Reclaiming Broken Places,† â€Å"American Capitalism: A History,† and â€Å"Relativity and Astrophysics.† Students can audit the courses for free or earn a verified certificate by paying a small fee. Dartmouth Dartmouth is still working on building its presence on edX. It currently offers a single course: â€Å"Introduction to Environmental Science.† The school also offers the Trustees of Dartmouth College seminar series, featuring livestream seminars for health care professionals every other Wednesday. Past seminars have included: â€Å"Behavioral Economics and Health,† â€Å"Letting Patients Help Heal Health Care: Extents and Limits of Patient Contributions,† and â€Å"Characteristics and Consequences of Hospital Closures.† Harvard Amongst the ivies, Harvard has led the way toward greater open learning. HarvardX, a part of edX, offers over fifty instructor-led MOOCs on a wide variety of subjects. Notable courses include: â€Å"Saving Schools: History, Politics, and Policy in U.S. Education,† â€Å"Poetry in America: Whitman,† â€Å"Copyright,† â€Å"The Einstein Revolution,† and â€Å"Introduction to Bioconductor.† Students may choose to audit courses or complete all coursework for a verified edX certificate. Harvard also provides a searchable database of their online courses, both current and archived. Finally, through their Open Learning Initiative, Harvard offers dozens of video lectures in Quicktime, Flash, and mp3 formats. These recorded lectures were created from actual Harvard courses. Although the recordings are not complete courses with assignments, many lecture series provide a semester’s worth of instruction. Video series include â€Å"Intensive Introduction to Computer Science,† â€Å"Abstract Algebra,† â€Å"Shakespeare After All: The Later Plays,† and more. Students can view or listen to the courses through the Open Learning Initiative site or subscribe through iTunes. Princeton Princeton provides a number of MOOCs through the Coursera platform. Options include â€Å"Analysis of Algorithms,† â€Å"Fog Networks and the Internet of Things,† â€Å"Imagining Other Earths,† and â€Å"Introduction to Sociology.† UPenn The University of Pennsylvania offers a few MOOCs via Coursera. Notable options include: â€Å"Design: Creation of Artifacts in Society,† â€Å"Principles of Microeconomics,† â€Å"Designing Cities,† and â€Å"Gamification.† UPenn also offers their own database of current and upcoming online courses, searchable by date. Yale Open Yale offers learners the opportunity to review video / audio lectures and assignments from previous Yale courses. As courses are not led by an instructor, students may access the material at any time. Currently available courses include subjects such as â€Å"Foundations of a Modern Social Theory,† â€Å"Roman Architecture,† â€Å"Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Faulkner,† and â€Å"Frontiers and Controversies in Astrophysics.† No discussion boards or opportunities for student interaction are provided. Jamie Littlefield is a writer and instructional designer. She can be reached on Twitter or through her educational coaching website: jamielittlefield.com.

Blake s Use Of Nature Through Songs Of Innocence

Tai Beiserman Professor Nachumi ENGL 1100 26 April 2015 Blake’s use of nature through Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience William â€Å"Bill† Cronon, an environmental historian and vice Chair of The Wilderness Society, believes that because society differ its self from the nature, it makes the nature to be seen as wild, remote, and inaccessible. In his essay â€Å"The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature†, published in 1995 by the New York Times and in Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, Cronon traced the idea of wilderness throughout American history. Cronon presents the potential danger in society’s traditional concept of wilderness. He points out how society detached itself from nature simply by idealizing it and thinking of it as something distant and remote. Approaching the concept of nature in this way leads to an ultimate separation of us, as members of society, from what we could consider to be our true home. As a result of that, the nature is seen as wild, remote and inaccessible. Although Cronon might be right to some extent, that is not always the case. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience were written by William Blake and published together in 1798. In Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience the nature is a key feature; in some poems the nature seems to be close, and sometimes it is more remote. The distance of nature from society does not play a role in Blake’s poems; although in Songs of Innocence the adjacent nature isShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, insteadRead MoreThe Romantic Era1008 Words   |  5 PagesThe Romantic era was more open to mythic, mystic and spirituality than the enlightenment era had ever been. William Blake was a romantic poet. Romanticism was a movement, which was marked primarily by its rejection of the enlightenment ideologies and scientific methods, as well as its emphasis on the natural world, emotions, artistry and the personal expression. Growing up Blake`s childhood was dominated by spiritual visions which influenced his works and personal life. As a little boy he saidRead MoreThe Human Abstract Essay1196 Words   |à ‚  5 Pagesthe poem by examining its various manifestations in Blakes manuscripts, reading it against A Divine Image, a poem w hich was never finally published by Blake, or comparing it to its Innocence counterpart, The Divine Image. Most critics seem to agree that The Human Abstract represents a philosophical turning point in The Songs of Innocence and of Expe rience, and in Blakes work as a whole. In 1924, Joseph H. Wicksteed observes that this difficult poem, originally called The human ImageRead More Analysis of The Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Blake was a first generation Romantic poet. Many of his poems were critical of a society who thought themselves to be almost perfect, a society run by, not their own free will, but the use of technology. He wanted people to question what they had always done, and whether it was morally right. He did so by using varying techniques that set up clashes between ideologies and reality. His poems allow us to see into ‘the eternal world of the spirit’ and his dreams of the sacred EnglandRead MoreThe Stages Of Maturing And Adulthood988 Words   |  4 Pagesgoes through during this growing up time are necessary for a person to mature correctly. As Sally states, a child is an apprentice to freedom, that is, the child is guided through the development of his or her freedom until he or she is ready to assume it in adolescence and adulthood (Scholz 395) Most children think it would be better to skip childhood and go straight to adulthood, but what they don t know is, that it s important for them to be a child before they become an adult. It s funnyRead More The Underlying Message of The Tyger by William Blake Essay1461 Words   |  6 PagesThe Underlying Message of The Tyger by William Blake Blake’s legendary poem â€Å"The Tyger† is deceivingly straightforward. Though Blake uses â€Å"vividly simple language† (Hirsch, 244), the poem requires a deeper understanding from the reader. There are many misconceptions concerning the symbols in â€Å"The Tyger† (specifically the tiger itself). This often leads to confusion concerning the underlying message of the poem. Compared to Blake’s â€Å"meek† and â€Å"mild† lamb, the tiger is hard to accept. It is a symbolRead MoreThe Romantic Works Of John Keats, Percy Shelley, And William Blake1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthe beauty, creativity, and morals of nature is what truly inspired human imagination, and thus literature of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century. The underlying theme of nature that is persistent through romantic poetry creates a bond between the poet and the common man through short poems that express personal emotion that all can feel, as we all are connected to nature. This can be seen through the works of John Keats, Percy Shelley, and William Blake. Percy Shelley was a joyful and optimisticRead MoreWilliam Blake And The Divine Image Essay2209 Words   |  9 PagesWilliam Blake, a transitional figure in British literature, was the first romantic poet to focus on content instead of form. Blake is one of the great mystics of the world, like Henry More and Wordsworth; he lived in a world of glory, of spirit and of vision, which, for him, was the only real world. His devotion to God expresses through his lyrical poetry collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. This collection contains 51 poems where the poems of Innocence are counter part of the poemsRead MoreWilliam Poetry Of William Blake And William Wordsworth1980 Words   |  8 Pageson the person. To some the definition is a time without any worry, to others, it is a more logical definition such as the period between infancy and adolescence. There are many versions of this definition, and this is seen in the poetry of William Blake and William Wordsworth. These t wo authors have different views on what it means to be a child and how they are portrayed in this era. Compared to now, Children in Blake’s eyes are seen as people that need guidance and need to be taught certain lessonsRead More Blakes Portrayal of Creation in Songs of Innocence and Experience1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn Jerusalem, Blake famously asserted that I will not reason and compare: my business is to create. This quote highlights the fact that Blake himself was participating in an inventive process. Northrop Frye commented that man in his creative acts and perceptions is God, and God is man? mans creativity is, for Blake, the manifestation of the divine. The Songs of Innocence and Experience deal with life and the move, in particular, from youth to age. Creation is an extremely important aspect

Industrial Revolution in Great Britain-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Analyse any Major Social Upheaval Regarding the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Answer: Thesis Statement: Child labor was considered as the substantial element of Great Britain during the period of Industrial Revolution and began declining just after the revolutionary period. Introduction During the early nineteenth centuries, industrial revolution occurred in Great Britain and it was the first country where industrialization took place in that time. In this period the child labor had been increasing drastically and it became a social and political problem[1]. The children were hired as the primary workers in the textile field in Great Britain. Strict discipline, harsh punishment, and unhealthy working condition were bounded for the children in business industries. Many factories hired the children who had been suffering from the poverty. The child worker only got food and cloth, however; they did not get any wage for their long day work. The child labor was significant during the industrial revolution in Great Britain in terms of the nature of their work and the extent to which they were employed. It has been received that in the mil factories the child labor was rapid. After the revolutionary period, the government of Great Britain had passed many Child Protection A cts, as a result, the child labor began declining after this period. This study deals with the significance of the child labor as well as its declining during the industrial revolution of Great Britain. Discussion Several factors are associated with the industrial revolution in Great Britain. One of the major factors is the social factor. However, the economic and demographic growth plays an important role in the revolution. During the industrial revolution in Great Britain, the society had decided to increase their capital. This adds value to the industrial revolution. The demographic transition occurred during this revolutionary period. Besides the demographic transition, the economic growth had been observed during this revolutionary period. Technological innovation was a great part of this revolution that highlights the economic specialization. Several economic changes took place as for example, various communities moved from the agriculture to the manufacturing zone. The number of goods and service were enhanced as a result the amount of capital that was invested became increased. It can be compared that besides the economic growth the businessman and the managers took the financial risk during this industrial revolution, which often affected their profitability. The major social group was aristocracy on that time, which involved in possessing the mills and the agricultural land and turned the crop into material[2]. It has been analyzed that this social group had a great contribution the development of the industry while the amount of agricultural land began declining, which left a negative impact on the farmers. Significant growth had been noticed in the population during the industrial revolution of Great Britain. However, 57% human population grew in that time, which gave a good opportunity to the industrialists to get much labor[3]. Handling of the natural resources was another factor of this industrial revolution. Oil and gas had a great demand during the industrial revolution in Greta Britain. However, many workers injured and died during the mining of coal. Therefore, transportation of the oil was a major challenge during this revolution. It has been evaluated from the above discussion that handling of the natural resources was a big challenge at this time. Child labor is considered as the most significant social factor that led Britain to get success through their industrial revolution. During this revolutionary period, the factory owners were searching for cheap and fast learning workforces, which could be done by using child labor. As a result, the child became the victims of capita lized greed. The industrialists hired the children from the urban houses. From the statistical data, it has been evaluated that at the end of 18th century around 35% child workers were ten-year-old class boys[4]. This highlights that there was a major demand of the child labor during the industrial revolution of Great Britain as the children are able to provide much labor to enhance the revolution. Industrialists were looking for the children who were below of 18. They targeted 6 to 10 age group of the children to hire them for the work. However, this age group can learn the things easily and give much effort in their work[5]. This was a big opportunity for factory owners. During the industrial revolution, most of the agricultural lands were taken by the industrialists. As a result, the farmers had to come to the city for their livelihood. Hence, the children had been suffering from poverty, which led them to work in the industry. Industrial revolution discarded the rigid social control and influenced the young generation to get married. As a result, the population started to increase, which turned into the child labor. Child labor had a great contribution to the industrialization. It has been found that the local workers and the agricultural workers were not suitable for the industrial production. This situation allowed the factory owners to create new workforce by recruiting child labor. Using the child labor brought many advantages for the industrialists in Great Britain. The child labor is remarkably cheap in comparison to adult worker[6]. As a result, the business expenses can be reduced. In Britain clothes, toys and furniture were produced in bulk amount thus, the factory owner needed low-cost manufacturing. This was done by using child labor. Therefore, the repetitive task needs specific skill and the children were able to learn quickly. This was a major benefit of child labor in the industrial revolution in Great Britain. There was a great debate regarding the child labor during the industrial revolution in Great Britain. The British Parliament passed several laws after observing and getting the proper evidence of the child labor. There were there Factory Acts, which have much importance in reducing the child labor[7]. As for example, the Cotton Factory Regulation Act 1819 was introduced in the 18th century. This Act is based on the child employment in the cotton factory. According to this law, the minimum age of the child labor should be at least 9 and the maximum working hours should not be more than 12 hours. According to the Regulation of Child Labor Law 1833, the children should be paid for their labor in the factory. At the later of the 18th century the Ten Hours Bill of 1847 was introduced by the Britain government. This Act focuses on the 10 hours limited working hour for the children. Apart from this the discipline of the factory provided a new culture to the child worker, where they not only got the economic support but also got a good collaborative working environment[8]. Despite these benefits, the recruitment of the child labor in an insecure working environment highlighted the accidents during the work. This was another cause of the employee turnover. Due to the low wages of the child labor in Great Britain was too low according to their working hour. This was a big drawback of the Industrial Revolution. Implementation of the government acts was beneficial for the children to get a proper wage from the factories. Children were most commonly used in the agricultural firm in Great Britain. From the statistical data, it has been analyzed that 45% of the total child labor of UK were working in the agricultural industry[9]. Therefore, 50% of the total children in the agricultural firm were below 14 in Great Britain during the industrial revolution. One of the major factors behind this child labor is the poor education. In the rural areas, the children did not get an education as a result, the families allowed them to involve in the firm's work to get economic support. On the other hand, it has been found that many children were working in the agricultural industry who was 12 years old. Children were forced to work in the agricultural industry in Great Britain. Approx 25% of the children were working in the condition of the forced labor in the agricultural industry. From this statistical data, it can be evaluated that majority of the students were forced by their parents as well as by the firm's ow ner to work at their early stage of life. The price and wages of the child labor in the firm were not good in Great Britain. However, the children got only a fraction of the amount that was paid to the adult labor. This poor wage was beneficial for the firms, however; it destroyed the lives of children. At the later stage of the industrial revolution, the government of EU announced the amount 4mn to protect the girl child labor. A family of the children acts as the emerging market of the child labor. However, due to the industrialization, the poor urban families allowed their children to work in the factories to get the financial support[10]. The families those were at below poverty level were the major target of the industrialists. They hired children from such families and forced them to work under strict rules. Apart from this, industrialization captured the agricultural lands as a result; the farmers had been struggling for the livelihood. This led the families to force their children to go cities and work in the industries. The working condition of the child labor in factories was not good as they had to suffer many challenges at their early stage of life. The children did not get sufficient wages for their long working hours. The factory owners only gave them food and clothes against their work. The system of the factory was highly criticized for its harsh punishment, low wages, strict rules and unhealthy working condition. There was no safety assurance for the children who were working in the mining industry[11]. The work life was unhealthy, which affected the health of the children. On the other hand, the major drawback of the factory system was the inflexible working hour for the children. Based on the above information it has been analyzed that the working condition of the children was very poor at the early stage of the industrial revolution in Great Britain. The living standard of the children is a big factor of child labor in Great Britain. It has been found in the 18th century the percentage of the low-income group was 16.8%. This highlights that poverty of the EU people[12]. However, the living condition of the poor children was not good. They did not get sufficient resources for their growth. Lack of food, shelter and healthy environment were the major factors that affected the living standard of the children. The children those were at below poverty level were not able to get the education and healthy life. Thus, the living standard of the children is highly criticized for the emergence of child labor. At the later of the 18th century and at the earlier of the 19th century the child labor declined. Just after the industrial revolution in Great Britain the government got many evidences and adopted many laws like Regulation of Child Labor Law, Ten Hours Bill and Cotton Factory Regulation Act. These regulatory efforts played a significant role in reducing the child labor, which was not seen at earlier. Therefore, the educational reformers convinced the native-born population to provide primary school education to their children[13]. In the 19th century, the child labor committees started to eliminate the child labor from the factories. Changes occurred in the political attitudes and the government took progressive reform movement by restricting child labor at that time. The market behavior was changed due to the introduction of the government regulation. The owners of the firms were restricted to force children for work and they had to pay the children properly. This changing attitude of the market restricted the child labor in EU. Therefore, The EU government focused on the economic development of the country in the 19th century, which was beneficial to make child worker free environment. The economic condition began developing in comparison to the 18th century. As a result, the income level of the families became enhanced, which reduced the child labor[14]. Conclusion The entire study deals with the emerging child labor during the industrial revolution in Great Britain. It has been analyzed that after this revolutionary period the child labor began declining. However, the child labor had a huge contribution in the industrial revolution in Great Britain as the owners of the factories were able to provide them low wages and the children were able to show much effort in the work. At the end of the 18th century, the child labor declined due to the introduction of the regulatory acts by the government and the increased awareness among the people. References Botham, Frank W., and Eddie H. Hunt. "Wages in Britain during the industrial revolution."The economic history review40, no. 3 (1987): 380-399. Burnette, Joyce. "Child day?labourers in agriculture: evidence from farm accounts, 17401850."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 1077-1099. Cunningham, Hugh. "The decline of child labour: labour markets and family economies in Europe and North America since 1830."The Economic History Review53, no. 3 (2000): 409-428. Flinn, M. W. "English Workers Living Standards during the Industrial Revolution: A Comment."The Economic History Review37, no. 1 (1984): 88-92. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labour in the British industrial revolution."The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983. Minge-Kalman, Wanda. "The industrial revolution and the European family: the institutionalization of childhoodas a market for family labor."Comparative Studies in Society and History20, no. 3 (1978): 454-468. Nardinelli, Clark. "Child labor and the factory acts."The Journal of Economic History40, no. 4 (1980): 739-755. Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-143. Pollard, Sidney. "Factory Discipline in the Industrial Revolution."The Economic History Review16, no. 2 (1963): 254-271. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-143. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983. Kirby, Peter. "Attendance and work effort in the Great Northern Coalfield, 17751864."The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 961-983 Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Botham, Frank W., and Eddie H. Hunt. "Wages in Britain during the industrial revolution."The economic history review40, no. 3 (1987): 380-399 Nardinelli, Clark. "Child labor and the factory acts."The Journal of Economic History40, no. 4 (1980): 739-755 Pollard, Sidney. "Factory Discipline in the Industrial Revolution."The Economic History Review16, no. 2 (1963): 254-271. Burnette, Joyce. "Child day-laborers in agriculture: evidence from farm accounts, 17401850." The Economic History Review65, no. 3 (2012): 1077-1099. Minge-Kalman, Wanda. "The industrial revolution and the European family: the institutionalization of childhoodas a market for family labor."Comparative Studies in Society and History20, no. 3 (1978): 454-468. Humphries, Jane. "Childhood and child labor in the British industrial revolution." The Economic History Review66, no. 2 (2013): 395-418. Flinn, M. W. "English Workers Living Standards during the Industrial Revolution: A Comment."The Economic History Review37, no. 1 (1984): 88-92. Cunningham, Hugh. "The decline of child labor: labor markets and family economies in Europe and North America since 1830." The Economic History Review53, no. 3 (2000): 409-428 Perkin, Harold J. "The social causes of the British Industrial Revolution."Transactions of the Royal Historical Society18 (1968): 123-14