Compare and Contrast Binary Fission vs. Mitosis

Binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis  are the main forms of cell division. Binary fission and mitosis are types of asexual reproduction in which the parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a form of sexual reproduction in which a cell divides its genetic material between the two daughter cells. The Main Difference Between Binary Fission and Mitosis While both binary fission and mitosis are types of cell division that duplicate cells, fission primarily occurs in prokaryotes (bacteria), while mitosis occurs in eukaryotes (e.g., plant and animal cells). Another way to look at it is that in binary fission cell that divide lack a nucleus, while in mitosis, the cell that divides does possess a nucleus. To get a better understanding of the processes, lets take a closer look at whats involved. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Prokaryotes are simple cells that lack a nucleus and organelles. Their DNA consists of one or two circular chromosomes. Eukaryotes, in contrast, are complex cells that have a nucleus, organelles, and multiple linear chromosomes. In both types of cells, DNA is copied and separated to form new cells in an organized manner. In both types of cells, cytoplasm is divided to form daughter cells via the process of cytokinesis. In both processes, if everything goes as planned, the daughter cells contain an exact copy of the parent cells DNA. In bacterial cells, the process is simpler, making fission faster than mitosis. Because a bacterial cell is a complete organism, fission is a form of reproduction. While there are some single-celled eukaryotic organisms, mitosis is most often used for growth and repair rather than reproduction. While errors in replication in fission are a way to introduce genetic diversity in prokaryotes, errors in mitosis can cause serious problems in eukaryotes (e.g., cancer). Mitosis includes a checkpoint to make certain both copies of DNA are identical. Eukaryotes use meiosis and sexual reproduction to ensure genetic diversity. Binary Fission Steps While a bacterial cell lacks a nucleus, its genetic material is found within a special region of the cell called a nucleoid. Copying the round chromosome starts at a site called the origin of replication and moves in both directions, forming two replication sites. As the replication process progresses, the origins move apart and separate the chromosomes. The cell lengthens or elongates. There are different forms of binary fission: The cell can divide across the transverse (short) axis, the longitudinal (long) axis, at a slant, or in another direction (simple fission). Cytokinesis pulls the cytoplasm toward the chromosomes. When replication is complete, a dividing line—called a septum—forms, physically separating the cytoplasm of the cells. A cell wall then forms along the septum and the cell pinches in two, forming the daughter cells. While its easy to generalize and say binary fission only occurs in prokaryotes, this isnt exactly true. Certain organelles in eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria, also divide by fission. Some eukaryotic cells can divide via fission. For example, algae and Sporozoa may divide via multiple fission in which several copies of a cell are made simultaneously. Mitosis Steps Mitosis is part of the cell cycle. The process is much more involved than fission, reflecting the complex nature of eukaryotic cells. There are five phases: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The linear chromosomes replicate and condense early in mitosis, in prophase. In prometaphase, the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate. Fibers organize to form a structure called the mitotic spindle. Microtubules help align chromosomes on the spindle in metaphase. Molecular machinery checks the DNA to assure replicated chromosomes align toward the proper target cell. In anaphase, the spindle draws the two sets of chromosomes away from each other. In telophase, the spindles and chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell, a nuclear membrane forms around each set of genetic material, cytokinesis splits the cytoplasm, and cell membrane separates the contents into two cells. The cell enters the non-dividing part of the cell cycle, which is called interphase. Binary Fission Versus Mitosis Cell division can be confusing, but similarities and differences between binary fission and mitosis can be summed up in one simple table: Binary Fission Mitosis Asexual reproduction in which one organism (cell) divides to form two daughter organisms. Asexual reproduction of cells, usually parts of complex organisms. Occurs in prokaryotes. Some protists and eukaryotic organelles divide via fission. Occurs in eukaryotes. Primary function is reproduction. Functions include reproduction, repair, and growth. A simple, rapid process. A complex process that requires more time than binary fission. No spindle apparatus is formed. DNA attaches to the cell membrane prior to division. A spindle apparatus is formed. DNA attaches to the spindle for division. DNA replication and separation occur at the same time. DNA replication is completed long before cell division. Not completely reliable. Daughter cells sometimes get unequal numbers of chromosomes. High fidelity replication in which chromosome number is maintained through a checkpoint at metaphase. Errors occur, but more rarely than in fission. Uses cytokinesis to divide cytoplasm. Uses cytokinesis to divide cytoplasm. Binary Fission vs. Mitosis: Key Takeaways Binary fission and mitosis are both forms of asexual reproduction in which a parent cell divides to form two identical daughter cells.Binary fission occurs primarily in prokaryotes (bacteria), while mitosis only occurs in eukaryotes (e.g., plant and animal cells).Binary fission is a simpler and faster process than mitosis.The third main form of cell division is meiosis. Meiosis only occurs in sex cells (gamete formation) and produces daughter cells with half of the chromosomes of the parent cell. Sources Carlson, B. M. Principals of Regenerative Biology. (p. 379) Elsevier Academic Press. 2007Maton, A.; Hopkins, J.J.; LaHart, S. Quon; Warner, D.; Wright, M.; Jill, D.  Cells: Building Blocks of Life. (pp. 70-74) Prentice-Hall. 1997

An Education Of The Mind And Heart - 940 Words

An education of the mind and heart, to me, means an education that both furthers my intellectual competence, and enlightens me as a person in things that can not be taught through a text book. Something that I feel is undervalued and not emphasized enough in our public education system, which I have been a part of my entire life is moral integrity and heart. I feel that too much students are taught about tangible subjects such as math and science, and not about right and wrong, or how to build appropriate character. I plan to apply this to my life at Whitworth by going the extra mile to do things the morally correct way. As well as understanding, and learning from the times that I do not. I believe that in order to educate myself morally and make myself a better person in regards to my heart, I will need to self police myself, as well as have individuals who are on the same mission to work with and look up to, and I believe that Whitworth has these individuals; and in order to utiliz e what Whitworth has to offer to the fullest extent, I need to surround myself with this type of person. Also, I believe that there are aspects of Whitworth that teach these principles that are out side of the classroom, such as the culture. A community rich in culture can teach ten fold what a classroom can in my opinion. During my time at Whitworth I plan to indulge myself in the community, by being apart of the football team, as well as the academic and social community. I feel that college isShow MoreRelatedEducating The Mind Without Educating Our Heart Is No Education At All1507 Words   |  7 Pages‘Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.’(Aristotle). 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Mission Statements of Two Institutions: The mission of the Heart of Lancaster is The Heart of Lancaster understands and values the role that we play in the tapestry of a persons life. We know that health is the combination of body, mind and spirit, and will hold sacred the lives entrusted to our care. (Heart of Lancaster: Regional Medical Center, 2011) In contrast the mission statementRead MoreMy Personal Statement On My Life1293 Words   |  6 PagesThe other day, I awoke to the sound of my 3 year old singing, â€Å"I’m so happy, so very happy, I’ve got the love of Jesus in my heart†¦.Where? Down in my heart. Where? Down in my heart to stay!† Although it was at 6am, and on a weekend, it brought a smile to my face. My sweet little preschooler woke up cheerful and singing about Jesus. Some of the many benefits of sending of him to North Texas Christian Academy include: coming home joyful, singing about God, and his cup overflowing with love. 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Through its spreading of ideas, Nazi propaganda such as the media, education, and mass murder influenced the Germans’ hearts and minds by compelling them to become complacent towards the new kind of ruling that quick ly took over the country. In order to influence the German people andRead MoreVisions Of Reforms And Reformation1488 Words   |  6 Pagestrue sense of humanity, but defined that humanity, the means of achieving that humanity, and their general worldview in different ways. Wollstonecraft sought progress by reforming private life virtues through voluntary education and action. She wanted to change the hearts and minds of the people, while Marx sought progress through direct means -- political upheaval and reformation of government, society, and currency through the armed uprising of the worker. 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Gould’s idea that the heart and head are of one body are also shared in Fredrick Douglas’s essay â€Å"Learning to Read†. Douglas demonstrates Gould’s idea by sharing his struggles to become educated as a black slave in the 1800’s. In his essay, Douglas’s links heart and mind by showing his passion for learning

The Arts Journal Critical Perspectives free essay sample

The book report is based on The Arts Journal Critical Perspectives on Contemporary Literature, History, Art, and Culture in Guyana and the Caribbean Volume 3 Numbers 1 and 2. It was published by The Arts Forum Incorporated in March of 2002 and the SINS number is 1728-7723. The copy bought is a paperback edition which cost $125 and contained 15 articles and 21 6 pages. Anne Gaffer edited it with guest editor Rite Pembroke- While the text re-examines the British Slave Trade and the manner in which its victims have been portrayed in literature, the articles reviewed focus on he theme Of the changing images Of African people.According to the Arts Forum, a review by Professor Selwyn H. H. Carting stated that these three articles including another represent images of how blacks saw themselves at different times during slavery and the post-emancipation period focusing in particular on the effect of texts, paintings, and films. The Art Journal presented these articles in honor of the Bicentenary of the Abolition of the trans-Atlantic Trade in captive Africans in order to provide a fresh Caribbean perspective on the events encompassing this dark spot in our histo ry. Though each of the three articles reviewed approached it from a different slant each did so convincingly. Additionally, these articles give an in-depth analysis of aspects which may not be considered by the average person. In the first article entitled Visual Expressions of Slavery and Emancipation 1700-1834, Edith (Nancy) Jacobs posits that in the event of depicting art out of its relevant period, some historians reduce the value of it and that even now when society is supposed to be enlightened the artistic images of are not incorporated effectively to represent Caribbean history.She examines the importance of the development of a variety of printing techniques used to bombard the general with images of what they (pro-slavery and abolitionists) wanted to portray. Jacobs concentrates on three major points in the depiction of slaves textually and visually. Firstly, she looks at those paintings commissioned by European patrons that generally portrayed the Blacks as subservient helples s people, who were more like household pets. Secondly, she examines those images distributed by the abolitionists that showed the Blacks in varying states of deprivation: food, clothing and being sold at auctions. Finally, she observes the evolution of the paintings now depicting the Black man as an educated man often shown reading the bible. However, she notes that none of these truly portray the Black man and the rebellions that occur from 1 791 prove this as it contradicted the initial perspective of the Blacks as docile and helpless. Jacobs presents her argument systematically, tracing the changing perception of the Black man over the period 1700 to 1834. In particular, she addresses the relationship between the pictures depicted and the techniques of the printing devices of the time; an aspect hat the average reader may not consider.Her attention to details such as the right side of a photo being the weaker visual position upon which the Black man was inevitably placed in the later seventeenth and early eighteenth century in comparison to the opposite occurring in the late eighteenth century demonstrates her point that the media was used to influence the public. The second article by Jean Antoine-Dunne and Bruce Padding entitled Film Representations of the Abolitionist Movement, examines the responses of Caribbean filmmakers to the abolition of the slave trade and the insurgences associated with IEEE (p. 82). Their argument posits that the film industry is one of the most powerful methods of communicating ideas and that it influences peoples perception of one another and their cultures. They look at abolition from a Caribbean perspective based on five important, yet not well-known films from the British, French and Spanish territories of the Caribbean. One of the central ideas permeating through the films is the idea Of visually shocking the audience out of a false historic narrative. They posit that the five films give a more accurate representation of slavery and the resistances that surround its abolition in the Caribbean.They give enough details of the films to indicate to the reader their similarities and their differences. A general idea which permeates through them is the fact the very manner in which abolition is viewed may be colonial. This leads to the question raised at the beginning of this course; is history the truth? Or is the truth different for each party, or even each in dividual involved? Ken Cockcrows Blackened Figures is the final article reviewed. Here he discusses the work of Trinitarian painter Carlisle Harris in the twentieth century.Harris uses the human body in an abstract form to represent the self as an ever changing, ever improving figure. He makes full use of the African dancing male as a symbol of the triumphant return to humanity in a land abused by colonialism. His experience with the American Civil Rights movement leads to him being a symbol in representing the powerful forces of African history and culture in the Caribbean (101). He reiterates an idea stated by Jacobs found in the technique of Harris paintings which he uses to show to the opposite is true; blackness is associated with the corrupt and even evil .Harris paintings are also filled with motion especially dancing that truly represents the rhythm of Caribbean people. Dance is a part of everyones routine; whether one takes it as dancing to ones own tune or anothers. Considering that I am not a student of history per SE, I would say that this journal was very informative. It was not written in a such a way as to make its reading tedious and thus held my interest. I have been introduced to concepts that certainly bear contemplation, as it was not considered before. However, I would have liked to have read more about womens contribution to the movement.

Memo for Presentation Social Media

The main idea of the discussion is to present the social media and its connection with the business. Many business people believe that social media is very helpful in business and they are right. It is important to use social medial appropriate and do not believe the myths which exist around social media in general.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Memo for Presentation: Social Media specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the main organizational objectives is to make sure that more and more people are aware of the company and are familiarized with the company products. Therefore, the main idea of using the social media is to advertise the company and its products. Body Social media has become an essential part of human life. This is not a secret that the use of social media in business may increase customers’ awareness about the company and as a result increase the income from sales. The world is changing, people receive the information from other sources and those who want to be successful in business should make sure that they are able to satisfy the needs of the audience. Four steps should be followed with the purpose to meet the requirements and make sure that the social network strategy is applied successfully and may b realized in the nearest future. First of all, we are going to define audience our social network ingoing to be divided to. Then, it is important to set clear goals as pursuing various purposes which are not connected to each other may lead to low interest of the visitors to the company social media. It is important to create an action plan according to which the company is going to develop. Finally, tools, techniques and tactics are to be developed as without these important for strategy aspects any blog or forum will die in a week. Information blogs, twitters, and forums should be used as the feedback platforms. People should know that they can leave th eir comments which will be answered. Thus, we take care of our customers. At the same time, it is inadmissible to believe that all people are socially network active and the information presented at the forums is going to be delivered to each customer. The social networks are created for particular audience, mostly students and youth who spends much time on the Internet. Recommendations One of the main recommendations which is really urgent for those who have decided to refer to social media as the advertising and informing aspect is the updating of the information. Having created a blog, forum, twitter or another specific social media, one should update the information there to attract more and more new visitors as well as continue to make other be interested. Additionally, people should feel responsiveness and it is important to answer to some comments o comment some posts.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Therefore, it may be concluded that social media is really important for business if it is used appropriately. Having created the blog, forum and twitter devoted to the company news and products, the business may increase its purchases by means of customers’ awareness of the company news and innovations. There is no need to pay too much attention to the social media and spend hours online. Several minutes a day may be enough to make sure that the social media issues are supported. This research paper on Memo for Presentation: Social Media was written and submitted by user Mekh1 to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Combustible Liquids in Storage Tanks

Suppression of Flammable/Combustible Liquids in Storage Tanks Introduction The use, storage, and handling of flammable liquids or chemicals require appropriate measures to protect people from fires or explosions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Suppression of Flammable/Combustible Liquids in Storage Tanks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Experience has proven that poor safety practices when handling combustible or flammable liquids can be a major cause of explosions or fires that can cause injuries and at times death (Hildebrand and Gregory 21). Important terms Before looking at this subject, one must know various important terms relating to the subject. The flash point of a liquid describes the lowest temperature at which the liquid generates enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture with the air close to the liquid’s surface (NFPA 6s of these industries include but not limited to power plants, oil refineries as well as car manufacturing plants. Most of this facilities store their flammable liquids in atmospheric storage tanks. The sizes of these tanks may vary with some having a diameter as large as 350 feet and capable of holding quantities exceeding 1.5 million barrels of liquid (Hildebrand and Gregory 18). The classification of storage tanks is mainly based on the type of roofs that they have. There are several types of storage tank that may include; internal (covered) floating roof, domed external floating roof and open top floating roof (Crawford 25). While choosing a storage tank several things are considered including the location as well as the liquid that will be stored in the tank. For those liquids that are flammable, it is advised that they be stored in large cone roof tanks. If this is not possible, they may be stored in underground tanks or tanks that are lowly pressurized. Flammable liquids are mainly stored in internal floating roof tanks or open top floating roof tanks when in large quantities and in small low-pressure horizontal or vertical tanks and underground tanks (Shelley 63).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Suppression of Flammable/Combustible Liquids in Storage Tanks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Open-top floating roof tanks These types of tanks are those that are used and have no fixed roof. Their roof is made to float on the liquid in the tank and the roof can rise or fall according to the level of the flammable liquid in the storage tank. â€Å"The tanks are fitted with rim seals to prevent vapors from escaping to the atmosphere† (Hildebrand and Gregory 33). Internal floating roof tanks These types of tanks are made having two roofs where one is a permanent roof and the other is a floating roof. Internal floating roof tanks are usually equipped with vertical supports for the permanent roof (Hildebrand and Gregory 33). Just like the open –top floating roof the internal roof will float on the liquid and will ri se and fall as the level of the liquid in the storage tank changes. This roof will usually float on pontoons and other times it will be fixed with a double deck that helps it to float on the liquid. In order to allow the space between the two roofs to breathe, the fixed roof is usually constructed with air vents. These vents are fitted since the vapor space of the fixed roof is considered lower than the flammable limits (Shelley 64). In the attempt to avoid fumes escaping from the tank, seals are fitted in the rim seal spaces of the tank. The internal floating tanks are mostly used to store liquids that are very flammable such as petrol. Fixed roof tanks These are vertical cylindrical structures made of steel and have a permanent attached roof (Shelley 64). In industries that mostly deal with petrol the roofs are cone shaped and this gives them their name fixed cone roof tanks. In fixed roof tanks, the roof is usually slightly domed or flat to allow a vapor space between the under side of the roof and the surface of the liquid and to prevent the accumulation of water (NFPA 7-16).Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the construction of the tanks, API standards are followed and the tanks are fitted with a weak roof that helps to shell seam. This allows the roof and the main structure shell to separate in case of internal over pressure arising from explosion or other situations. Storage tank fire: Causes and Prevention Every year there are very many cases of storage tank fires in the world. The causes of this fire can be as a result of human errors, inappropriate safety policies or simple design errors. The following section presents various causes of storage fires and the appropriate suppression, prevention techniques. Overfill fires These fires occur above ground in the dike surrounding the storage tank due to leakages in the pipe or tanks (Crawford 33). These types of fires can occur on any storage tank that is above the ground. Most of these fires are caused by operators’ errors and at times the malfunction of equipment or both. This leads into the spillage of the flammable or com bustible liquid into the dike above ground. It is important to identify the source of the spillage and isolate all source of ignition from the spillage in order to prevent overfill ignition. An example of overspill fires is the Buncefield oil depot fire that occurred in December 11, 2005 in Hertfordshire, UK (Crawford 35). The oil depot was struck by lightning leading to the malfunction of the safety system responsible for stopping the flow of unleaded gasoline into the storage tank. Over 300 tons of gasoline overflowed from the tanks and began filling the containment dike. Finally, the vapor cloud from the spill flowed over the dyke and spread to surrounding areas in the facility. Sometime later, an explosion originated from a nearby car park and spread quickly to other areas of the facility and finally reaching the dikes. It took over five days for the fire to be extinguished completely. Vent fires These are the types of fires resulting from the ignition of fugitive vapors exiti ng tank vents, mainly during tank filling (Hildebrand and Gregory 35). In most cases, the fires usually are as a result of lightning but can also be caused by static discharge, electrical arcing and human activities near the location of the tank. Vent fires can occur in any type of storage space tanks apart from external suspended-roof tanks, which do not hold any vents. In order to prevent static discharge in the storage tanks, API standards have been developed to identify the correct conditions and flow rates. Another way of suppressing vent fires is through ensuring that the tanks are relatively safe from lightning from applying lightning protectors as per NFPA guidelines (NAFP 20-217) and that any human activities near the tanks are closely monitored. Rim-Seal Fires In floating roof tanks, especially external floating roof tanks, the most common types of fires are rim-seal fires. According to studies, 95% of all rim-seal fires are as a result of lightning strikes. Studies also claim that during any one year, 0.16% of all tanks fitted with rim seals will suffer a rim seal fire. According to NFPA 780, one of the main methods of preventing rim seal fires is through the installation of roof shunts that enable the dissipation of energy from lightning strikes and thus prevent fires (12). Recent studies have also shown that rim-seal fires can be mitigated by ensuring that tight-fitting seals (both primary and secondary) have been installed and are effective in restricting the escape of vapors from the tanks. These fires can also be mitigated by ensuring the submerged grounding cables are in place to connect the storage tank shell and the roof. It is also important to install monitoring systems and other fire fighting systems to detect rim fires and to allow rapid response when dealing with these fires (Ritchie 6). Full Surface fires These types of fires occur when the entire surface of the liquid in the storage tank is on fire (Hildebrand and Gregory 37). Ful l surface fires can exist either as obstructed full surface fires or as unobstructed full-surface fire. â€Å"Obstructed full –surface fires are those fires that have the roof or pan blocking access to the burning part† (Hildebrand and Gregory 38). These types of fires usually occur due to sinking of the roof or the pan. Roof sinking may arise due to several factors. First, sinking may occur due to accumulation of rain on the roof exceeding the design standards for the tank. Secondly, sinking may also occur when the pontoon is filled with the contents of the tank mainly due to corrosion or other failure. Finally, sinking may also take place due to inappropriate use of firefighting materials during a rim-seal fire, resulting in the sinking of the roof. Full surface fires can be suppressed using regular inspection programs. The main of these inspection programs is to identify pontoon failure and drain plugging as per API 653 standards. Unhindered full surface fires occur when there is a free admittance to the entire tank surface (Hildebrand and Gregory 38). These types of fires usually take place in fixed roof tanks that do not have pans (internal roofs). In these types of fires, the weak weld between the roof and the shell is broken and the roof separated from the shell mainly as a result of a particular incident. The fires may also be experienced in external floating roof tanks, where the design capacity of the storage tank may be overwhelmed by heavy rains. For tanks smaller than 45m, unobstructed full-surface fires are usually extinguished easily provided there are enough resources such as foam and water (Ritchie 7). For tanks larger than 45 meters, these fires may prove to be a problem and are usually quite difficult to manage mainly due to the large resources needed. According to Crawford (49), â€Å"the largest successfully extinguished full surface fire took place on 8th June 2001 in Norco, Louisiana.† A tank with a 325,000-barrel ca pacity, 82m in diameter and 10 meters high was struck by lightning and its contents ignited. The blaze was put out within 65 minutes of repression doings at the end of a 13-hour ordeal. The fire required 50% more water than the Burchfield site fire disaster. Fire risk mitigation The risk of storage tank fires is impossible to eliminate however, it can be greatly reduced through proper design, operation, and maintenance practices. Carrying out appropriate inspections as per the API 653 standards is important in recognizing design and maintenance issues with existing tanks (Shelley 68). API 653 details three main types of inspections: Monthly routine in-service inspections, formal in-service external inspections and out-of-service internal inspections. Monthly routine in-service inspections involves a visual inspection of tanks and exterior surfaces so as to identify shell distortions, evidence of leaks, paint coating, foundation condition, settlement, corrosion and the nature of insu lation system (Shelley 68). Formal in-service external inspections one the other hand are hand are compulsory checks carried out after every five years or sooner should the remaining corrosion allowance be less than 20 years. â€Å"If the corrosion allowance is less than 20 years, inspection must be carried out at a time period that is one quarter of the remaining estimated tank life† (Ritchie 8). This inspection mainly focuses on the fire protection system utilized, roof, access structure, shell appurtenances, dike, foundation, wind girder, and internal floating deck. The condition and operating capacity of these elements are assessed and a report is prepared as to their effectiveness and level of safety. The final type of inspections is the out-of-service internal inspections. These kinds of check should be carried out in a minimum of once in 20 years except a risk based check has been placed or at a sector of the storage tank remaining life. If a corrosion rate for the tan ks has not been identified, the inspections should be carried out every 10 years (API 86). â€Å"In order to undertake these inspections, the tanks must be emptied and cleaned† (API 87). Apart from visual inspection, a combination of ultrasonic thickness, magnetic flux, and leak testing is also applied. The main purpose of this inspection is to confirm the continued integrity of the tank through verifying that the bottom of the tank has acceptable levels of corrosion, gathering data for minimum shell and bottom thickness evaluations, and identification and evaluation of any settlement in the bottom of the tank. Apart from these, this evaluation also seeks to inspect the roof and the interior shell walls for localized pitting and general corrosion. In pontoons are present in the tank, they are inspected to evaluate them for corrosion and fracture that may lead to failure. Apart from safety controls installed in storage tanks, the use of effective inspection techniques is the m ost effective means of suppressing flammable and combustible liquids in storage tanks. Inspection enables the identification of anomalies before they escalate into major problems that may lead to catastrophic failure. Conclusion The storage of flammable and combustible liquids brings with it the inherent risk of explosion and fire hazards. There are three classes of both flammable and combustible liquids. These classes mainly determine the type of storage facilities to be used for storing these liquids. When storing flammable liquids there are various storage tanks designs that may be adopted. Each type of storage tank is prone to specific type of fire risk with some risks being shared across the full spectrum of the tanks. Using various standards such as NASP, various design, inspection, and maintenance practices have been developed to reduce the risk of fire or explosion in storage tanks. Researchers and scientists have also developed various fire fighting equipments and system th at are meant to ensure that the flammable and combustible liquids are safely contained. By identifying the type of fire common in storage tanks, one can chose the best prevention and suppression technique from a list of many methods. This will ensure that damage is kept to a minimum should the worst ever happen.  The most important suppression technique is proper inspection as per the laid down standards. Proper inspection ensures that all the information about the storage tank is continuously evaluated and that subtle changes can be made as required before small problems escalate to massive disasters causing loss of money and at times lives. Suppression and prevention of fires is important when dealing with flammable and combustible liquids is very important. It should be well planned in any industry or setting that contains storage tanks for these liquids. Having a suitable suppression system that is based in NASP guidelines can be crucial in deciding the outcomes of a particula r event in large companies or industries that are connected with storage of combustible and flammable liquids. American Petroleum Institute (API). Prevention and Suppression of Fires in Large  Above Ground Atmospheric Storage Tanks. Washington DC: API, 2006 Crawford, Edward. Tank Fire Suppression/Tank Overfill Prevention. Washington:  American Petroleum Institute, 2008. Hildebrand, M and Gregory Noll. Storage Tanks Emergencies: Guidelines and  Procedures. Anapolis, MD: Red Hat, 1997. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Fire Protection Handbook. 20th ed. Quincy,  MA: NFPA, 2008 Ritchie, Ray. â€Å"Preventing Storage Tank Fires†. Hydrocarbon Processing. November  (2009): 5-11 Shelley, Craig. â€Å"Storage Tank Fires: Is your Department Prepared†. Fire Engineering,  11.2 (1998): 63-69

Anthem and The Bet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anthem and The Bet - Essay Example People should be allocated duties and responsibilities in accordance to their talents. There is also no existence of crime and poverty. One theme in the short story The Bet is that material goods tend to influence one negatively away from important things in life. This is portrayed by the lawyer. After some years of separation from worldly things, he came to appreciate that there are more important things than material goods. After that, he chooses to abandon worldly things and embrace spiritual enlightenment (Daniel, 2005). Julius Caesar in Shakespeare play was murdered in a situation he termed as betrayal. Among the senators who murdered him was a person that Julius considered a close friend. Though he first resisted, he gave up on realization that Marcus was among the assassins. Both Julius Caesar of Shakespeare and the dying solder in Steve Allen’s of Death Watch Near Que Son experienced betrayal in their last moments (Daniel, 2005). They also died silently feeling that their dignity had been stumbled on. While Julius was betrayed by a friend, the dying solder was betrayed by his

History of Photography. Lewis Hine, Steelworkers, Empire State Essay

History of Photography. Lewis Hine, Steelworkers, Empire State Building, New York, 1931 - Essay Example In this essay I will focus on Lewis Hines photographs of men working on top of the Empire State Building skyscraper, which were taken in different years of its construction. I will try to compare the well-known Hines photograph titled as Steelworkers, which he took in 1931, with a number of other similar photographs taken by Lewis Hines atop of the Empire State Building in 1930s. Lewis Hines breathtaking photograph titled as Steelworkers,1 which he took on top of the Empire State Building in 1931, became a hymn to work and splendor of a great deed that a man could do to achieve the goal, no matter how incredible it might seem from the beginning. This amazing image shows two steelworkers on top of the skyscraper and makes one wonder how it is possible at all to work at such height without suffering vertigo. One can see a part of Manhattan on the background; the rest of the buildings down below seem so small comparing to the work place of these two brave men on top of the skyscraper that the image of them doing their ordinary work inspires admiration with courage and self mastery of these steelworkers sitting atop of one of the highest buildings in New York City. This photograph is a manifest of the fortitude of a man and incredible ability to overcome difficulties and dangers, although the scene of men at such height risking their lives to get the work done i nspires with awe. While one of the steelworkers is sitting on the beam holding the screw-bolt, another worker is using the electrical screw-driving machine to screw the bolt into the beam until tight. It is amazing how these men sacrifice their safety and risk their lives to erect the construction, where people would feel themselves perfectly safe one day. The calmness of these two men is an art itself. Both of them smile knowing that Hines is taking a photo of their work, but dont look at the camera as they are